impurity atom การใช้

• Therefore, at the solid / liquid boundary, the impurity atoms will diffuse to the liquid region.
• Donor impurity atoms have more valence electrons than the atoms they replace in the intrinsic semiconductor lattice.
• These electrons encounter resistance to their passage by colliding with impurity atoms, vacancies, lattice ions, and imperfections.
• Acceptor impurity atoms have fewer valence electrons than the atoms they replace in the intrinsic semiconductor lattice.
• In 1958, Anderson predicted that electrons could be trapped in a crystal impregnated with randomly spaced impurity atoms.
• C 70 forms brownish crystals with a bandgap of 1.77 eV . They are large enough to accommodate impurity atoms.
• Impurity atoms in a crystal have an effect similar to thermal vibrations where conductivity has a direct relationship between temperature.
• Iron atoms in copper cause the renowned Kondo effect where the conduction electron spins form a magnetic bound state with the impurity atom.
• This allows us to treat the original semiconductor as unaffected in its electronic properties, with the impurity atoms only increasing the electron concentration.
• Real solids are never absolutely pure, and in the neighbourhood of the impurity atoms the solid is not the same as elsewhere in the crystal.
• Dopant impurity atoms such as boron or phosphorus can be added to the molten silicon in precise amounts to n-type silicon, with different electronic properties.
• Fcc C 60 contains voids at its octahedral and tetrahedral sites which are sufficient large ( 0.6 and 0.2 nm respectively ) to accommodate impurity atoms.
• The following figure illustrates this concept with two cases in which the total fraction of impurity atoms is 0.25 ( 25 impurity atoms in 100 total ).
• In the representation on the left, these impurities are equally distributed throughout the sample, and so the fractional surface coverage of impurity atoms is also approximately 0.25.
• The following figure illustrates this concept with two cases in which the total fraction of impurity atoms is 0.25 ( 25 impurity atoms in 100 total ).
• The ease with which this can occur will depend on the structure of the boundary, itself dependent on the crystallography of the grains involved, impurity atoms and the temperature.
• Cottrell atmospheres occur in body-centered cubic ( BCC ) and face-centered cubic ( FCC ) materials, such as iron or nickel, with small impurity atoms, such as carbon or nitrogen.
• The major criterion for absorber foils used in ERDA is whether a recoiling impurity atom can be transmitted through the absorber, preferably a commercially available metal foil, while stopping heavy particles.
• The stopping of the beam using either direct or scattered methods can only be accomplished without also stopping the light impurity atoms, if it is heavier ( beam ions ) than the impurity atoms being analyzed.
• The stopping of the beam using either direct or scattered methods can only be accomplished without also stopping the light impurity atoms, if it is heavier ( beam ions ) than the impurity atoms being analyzed.